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Sunday, September 3, 2023

Elliptical Structure

 Kalian tahu ngga apa itu elliptical structure? Fungsi dalam kalimatnya gimana sih? Yuk kita kupas tuntas materi yang satu ini!

Elliptical structure berasal dari “ellipsis” yang artinya “penghilangan“.

Elliptical structure adalah penggabungan dua kalimat dengan menghilangkan beberapa unsur kalimat yang bertujuan untuk menyederhanakan atau mempersingkat kalimat guys.

Contoh:

  • She is reading a book, I am reading a book. Jika digabungkan akan menjadi She is reading a book and so am I.

Di bawah ini terdapat cara-cara menggunakan elliptical structure:

  1. ………………………so + auxiliary + Subject

-She is confused, I am confused. Jika digabungkan akan menjadi She is confused and so am I.

-You bought a cup of coffee, she bought a cup of coffee. Jika digabungkan akan menjadi You bought a cup of coffee and so did she.

-They will go to the gym, we will go to the gym. Jika digabungkan akan menjadi They will go to the gym and so will we.

2. ……………………….Subject + auxiliary + too

-He is tired, I am tired. Jika digabungkan akan menjadi He is tired and I am too.

-John bought a book, I bought a book. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi John bought a book and I did too.

3. ………………………..Subject + negative auxiliary + either

-I don’t like swimming, He doesn’t like swimming. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi I don’t like swimming and he doesn’t either.

-They aren’t angry, we aren’t angry. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi They aren’t angry and we aren’t either.

4. ………………………..neither + positive auxiliary + Subject

-I don’t like playing football, he doesn’t like playing football. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi I don’t like playing football and neither does he.

5. Positive but negative / negative but positive

-I like climbing the mountain but you don’t.

-You don’t have a mole but I do.

6. Both …..and…..(auxiliary harus jamak)

-I am learning English. He is learning English. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi Both he and I are learning English.

7. Either Subject1 or Subject2 (negative auxiliary / verb sesuai Subject2)

-He isn’t sleeping. I am not sleeping. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi Either he or I am not sleeping.

8. Neither Subject1 nor Subject2 (positive auxiliary / verb sesuai Subject2)

-I don’t sleep. He doesn’t sleep. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi Neither I nor he sleeps.

9. Ellipsis subject / auxiliary (penghilangan subjek dan auxiliary)

-Ali drank a glass of water. Ali ate rice. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi Ali drank a glass of water and ate rice.

-She has taken a bath. She has washed my clothes. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi She has taken a bath and washed my clothes.

10. Ellipsis of predicate (penghilangan predikat)

-John will get married tomorrow. Ryan will get married next week. Jika digabungkan maka akan menjadi John will get married tomorrow, and Ryan next week.

Demikian penjelasan mengenai elliptical structure. Jangan lupa share ke teman-teman kalian ya guys! See you !

Thursday, August 31, 2023

NEWS ITEM

 

Definisi News Item Text

News item text adalah jenis tulisan yang memberikan informasi teraktual mengenai kejadian yang penting untuk diberitakan. Mengutip dari British Course, dalam bahasa Inggris, news item text is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.

Dari dua pengertian di atas, kurang lebih maknanya sama, ya. News item text atau teks berita bahasa Inggris akan menyampaikan informasi kepada pembaca mengenai suatu kejadian penting yang baru saja berlangsung berdasarkan fakta.

Sebenarnya, news item dibedakan menjadi dua, yaitu news item yang disampaikan secara tulisan (text) dan news item yang disampaikan secara lisan. Kalau news item tulisan atau teks, biasanya sering kita temui di koran, majalah, atau tabloid. Sedangkan, news item lisan akan kita dengarkan melalui televisi, radio, hingga platform seperti YouTube. 

 

Tujuan News Item Text

News item text bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi kepada pembaca atau pendengarThe purpose of news item text is to inform the readers about newsworthy events of the day. Biasanya, news item text akan memberikan informasi mengenai peristiwa terbaru/terkini dan faktual. Dengan begitu, masyarakat bisa selalu update mengenai kejadian di suatu tempat.


Struktur News Item Text

Seperti jenis teks lainnya, news item text tentunya juga memiliki struktur yang menyusun semua elemen-elemennya. Struktur news item text (generic structure of news item text) terdiri dari tiga bagian, yaitu main event/newsworthy event (Kejadian inti), background event/elaboration (latar belakang peristiwa), dan source (sumber). Terus, masing-masing bagian tersebut gimana tuh penjelasannya?

 

1. Main Event/Newsworthy Event

Struktur news item text yang pertama adalah main event. Nah, yang dimaksud dengan main event/newsworthy event adalah inti beritaMain event tersebut menjelaskan ringkasan berita yang akan dijelaskan.

 

2. Background Event/Elaboration

Lalu, bagaimana dengan background event/elaborationBackground event/elaboration menceritakan secara rinci mengenai latar belakang kejadian tersebut. Detail yang harus kamu cantumkan di bagian ini adalah pelaku, lokasi, waktu kejadian, pihak-pihak lain yang terlibat, dan latar belakang terjadinya kejadian.

 

3. Sources

Terakhir adalah sources. Dalam menulis news item text, jangan lupa untuk mencantumkan sumber, ya! Dalam bahasa Inggris, sumber disebut dengan source. Sumber yang dimaksud di sini bisa merupakan pernyataan, komentar, atau pendapat dari pihak-pihak yang terkait dengan peristiwa tersebut. 

 

Kaidah Kebahasaan News Item Text

Nah, secara garis besar, ada tiga kaidah kebahasaan yang dimiliki news item text. Apa saja, ya? Yuk, simak di bawah ini!

1.  Menggunakan Action Verbs

Action verbs adalah kata kerja yang menunjukkan aksi (action) yang dilakukan oleh Subjek dan terlihat oleh orang lain. Contoh action verbs, antara lain study, play, run, eat, sleep, dan masih banyak lagi. Action verbs bisa disebut juga dengan dynamic verbs. Pada news item text, kita akan sering menggunakan action verbs, misalnya pada kalimat ini:

Ginting and Kevin are playing badminton in Tokyo Olympics 2020.
(Ginting dan Kevin sedang bertanding badminton pada Olimpiade Tokyo 2020).

Nah, pada kalimat tersebut, terdapat action verb, yaitu playing badminton yang dilakukan oleh Subjek –> Ginting dan Kevin.

 

2. Menggunakan Saying Verbs

Saying verbs adalah kata kerja yang identik terjadi saat percakapan (saying). Biasanya, saying verbs akan mencantumkan hasil percakapan antara wartawan atau si pembawa berita dengan narasumber. Contohnya:

Head of the local search and rescue agency, Wayan Suyatna said that, “So far, 34 people have died and 16 are still being searched”.

(Kepala SAR setempat, Wayan Suyatna mengatakan, “Sampai saat ini, 34 orang tewas dan 16 masih dalam pencarian”).

 

3. Menggunakan Present Tense

News item text biasanya ditulis menggunakan kaidah simple present tense karena informasi yang disampaikan masih baru/hangat dan bersifat penting (urgent). Selain itu, news item text ditulis dengan simple present tense untuk menggambarkan kejadian yang masih berlangsung hingga saat ini. Namun, tidak jarang juga, news item text ditulis menggunakan simple past tense. Karena, berita baru ditulis saat peristiwa sudah terjadi.

Pada setiap jenis teks dalam bahasa Inggris terdapat ciri kebahasaan yang dapat membedakannya dengan jenis teks lain. Ciri dari news item text yang paling menonjol adalah bahasanya yang singkat dan padat. Berikut ciri-ciri kebahasaan dari news item text lainnya:

  • Informasi singkat yang tertuang dalam headline

  • Fokus pada suatu kejadian

  • Dominan menggunakan saying verbs, seperti diberitakan, dikutik, mengatakan, memberitakan, dan sebagainya.

  • Umumnya menggunakan action verb, yaitu kata kerja yang menunjukkan aktivitas

  • Sering menggunakan kata kerja bantu yang menunjukkan waktu dan tempat

  • Menggunakan material process

Contoh News Item Text

Okeh! setelah membahas mengenai pengertian, tujuan, struktur, dan kaidah kebahasaan news item text, sekarang kita lihat contoh news item text singkat berikut ini, yuk!

Death Toll from Indonesia’s Volcano Eruption Climbs to 34

Search and rescue operations are still under way to find 16 people missing after the eruption of Java’s Mount Semeru. The death toll from the eruption on Saturday of the highest volcano on Indonesia’s Java island has risen to at least 34, local officials said, and rescue operations are still under way. Mount Semeru, in the Lumajang district of East Java province, spewed thick columns of ash more than 12,000 metres (40,000 feet) into the sky, with searing gas and lava flowing down its slopes after the sudden eruption. The disaster left entire streets filled with mud and ash, swallowing homes and vehicles in several villages.

“So far, 34 people have died and 16 are still being searched [for],” Wayan Suyatna, head of the local search and rescue agency, told state media on Tuesday, raising an earlier death toll of 14. He added that nearly 3,700 people have been evacuated from the affected area.

Rescuers have been battling dangerous conditions since the eruption, searching for survivors and bodies in the volcanic debris, wrecked buildings and destroyed vehicles. Search crews deployed dogs on Tuesday to aid the operation.

Mount Semeru has remained active since Saturday, with small eruptions keeping emergency workers and residents on edge. On Tuesday, there were three small eruptions, each spewing ash about a kilometre (3,300 feet) into the sky, authorities said. Officials have advised locals not to travel within 5km (3.1 miles) of Semeru’s crater, as the nearby air is highly polluted and could affect vulnerable groups.

Indonesia, an archipelago of more than 270 million people, is prone to earthquakes and volcanic activity because it sits along the Pacific “Ring of Fire”, a horseshoe-shaped series of fault lines.(This article was published in Al Jazeera Creative Commons)

Thursday, May 4, 2023

The Fall of Our Mosque

Judul asli: Robohnya Surau Kami

By; A A Nafis

Looking at this neglected mosque reminds me of “kakek”, an old man who once stayed and took care of it. He was unemployed. He fed himself from the alms he gathered every Friday. He also got ¼ of the goldfish harvest twice a year and once in a year people gave him obligatory alms or we called it Zakat Fitrah. Well as a Garin (that’s what we call it) he wasn’t very popular. He was known as the knife grinder because he was an expert. People usually gave him chili sauce (sambal), cigarettes, or money for grinding their knives but he never asked for anything. More often, he got a smile and thank you.

I still remember that day, when I visited him. He was sitting at the corner holding his feet and resting his head on his knees. He looked so sad even though he didn’t answer my greeting, something he’d never done before.

“Whose knife is this kakek?”

“Ajo Sidi’s.”

“Ajo Sidi’s?” He was silent. For a moment I thought about Ajo Sidi. He was an unusual storyteller. He always told a story on purpose, that is to mock other people.

“What is his story, kakek?”

“He’s a bastard.”

“Why?”

“I hope this knife that I have ground cut his throat.”

“You are very angry, aren’t you?”

“ Am I mad? Oh yes..if only  I were young, but I’m an old man. I’ve never been angry for a long time. I behave myself, pray and keep my faith to God. God will love us if we’re patient..”

“What did he say kakek?”

“You know me so well, right? You see what I’ve done, everything about me...Do you think I am a bastard? Do you think God hates me?” I said nothing. I know he would explain everything.

“ I never think about myself. I never think about having a wife, or children,...like other people. I don’t want to be rich, make a  house, etc...All my life, my heart, my soul...I give to God the Almighty. I never make other people suffer, even I’ll never kill a fly, but he said that I will go to hell. Do you think God will punish me for that? For waking up so early to worship and reciting the holy Qur’an?...what’s wrong with what I’ve done?

“Was that what he said about you?”

“He didn’t say that literally, but I know what he meant by telling that story. Let me repeat his whole story.....Once upon a time, in the world after, God was awakening and gathering all the death people. God was asking people about their good deeds while living on earth. There was Haji Soleh among the people. He was smiling, since he was certain that he would go to heaven. He smiled mockingly when he saw some one was entering hell and when he saw some one was entering heaven he waved his hand as if saying ‘see you later

When it was haji Soleh turn. He smiled happily. God asked him the first question...”You?”

“I’m Saleh. But because I’ve gone on pilgrimage, Haji Saleh is my name.”

“I didn’t ask your name. It’s only useful on Earth, not here. Well, what did you do in the earth?”

“I prayed and worshipped You, Dear God. I recited Your Name every day, every night, any time and anywhere.”

“Any other else?”

“I did what You ordered and left what You’ve forbidden.”

“Any other else?”

“I fasted every Monday and Thursday..I did the Tahajjud prayer at night. And Recite the Holy Qur’an.”

“Any other else?”

Haji Saleh couldn’t answer anymore. He had told everything he did.”

“So, have you told me everything you’ve done in the world?”

“I’m afraid yes, that’s all that I’ve done. I have no other job except worshipping You, my God.”

“Then Angels...Get in them.!” Haji Saleh was thrown to hell. And he was very surprised when he saw most of his friends were in hell too. All of them discussed the strange thing that had happened to them. They believed that God had made a mistake.

“We must remind God about this mistake. Let’s go to meet Him. We’ll do a protest to fight for our rights.”

 “Protest to  God? Is it permitted?”

“We also did this when we lived in the earth, didn’t we??”  Then they decided to protest against God.

“What do you want?” asked God.

“Oh, my God. You are The Greatest one. All of us are the most obedient and faithful humans. We memorize Your Holy Qur’an. We believe that there must be a mistake...”

“Well, where did you live? Was it in Indonesia?”

“Yes, that’s right My God. We lived in a beautiful country named Indonesia.”

“Was it the country which has fertile soil and rich of mine minerals?”

“ Yeah...exactly that’s our country.”

“ It was a rich and fertile country where the citizen was poor and suffered. A country which was occupied by another country which had taken everything you have and let you die in poverty.”

“That was what happened to us, My God.”

“It was the chaos country, where you were fighting each other. While some of you cheating for their own benefit and letting your country's wealth was taken by other people.”

“Yes...but we are the good people. We don’t care about the properties. We just want to worship You, my God. We are the people who are afraid of Your hell.”

“So, you were willing to suffer and live in poverty..and because of that your children and grand children were suffering too.”

“ Yeah, that’s right. But, as You said Faith is the most important thing. Our grand children were willing to suffer and live in poverty however they kept their faith aginst You. They also memorized the Holy Qur’an very well....”

“However they never knew exactly the meaning of the Qur’an...just like You.”

“Of course we did, My God...We understand every word”

“If you understand, then why did you let yourself live in poverty and suffer the whole life so that your children and grandchildren were also ill-treated and you let other people take your chance to possess everything for their own children. You would rather fight and cheat among yourself than work hard for your family. I gave you a rich country but you were lazy and egoistic. You preferred worshipping to working hard because it doesn’t cost anything. Don’t you know that besides praying, I asked you to help the poor. How could you help the poor if you were poor and suffered?”

“Was it wrong if we were worshipping You, my God?”

“Of course, not. Your fault is that you only think about yourself. You were afraid of my hell, that’s why you prayed..but you forget to take care of your family, your wife, and children, which is your responsibility. You let them live in poverty.”

That was Ajo Sidi’s story that I heard from kakek. The story badly hurt his feeling. And the next morning we found kakek had committed suicide. He cut his own throat with the knife he had shown me.

------The end-----